Flashes and floaters of the eye are usually the result of age-related changes to the vitreous, which is the thick gel substance that fills the back of the eye. We are born with the vitreous firmly adherent to the retina at the back inner wall of the eye. During the aging process, the vitreous “degenerates” to become thinner and more watery, and at some point pulls away from the retina. This is known as a posterior vitreous separation or detachment (PVD). During PVD, tissue debris that was once secure in the firm vitreous gel loosens and moves around, casting shadows on the retina. This is a normal, expected event that virtually every patient experiences with age.

Rarely, as the vitreous pulls away from the retina it can cause a retinal hole or a tear to form due to traction. The traction is what causes the visual sensation of flashes. Even though the risk of a retinal tear/hole is small, new flashes and/or floaters should prompt a visit to an ophthalmologist for a dilated exam. Should a retinal tear or hole develop, it is better to diagnose and treat it early before it progresses to a full blown retinal detachment (which is a much more serious issue that usually requires surgery).

Treatment of Flashes and Floaters

While bothersome floaters can be removed with surgery or sometimes laser, most do not require any treatment.  Should a retinal tear or hole be detected, a painless in-office laser procedure can be done to create a seal and thus prevent a retinal detachment.

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